Psychometric Evaluation of the FFOCI-SF and Other Clinical Outcome Measures in a Group Therapy for Overcontrol (Group Radical Openness).
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Authors
Twomey, Conal
Nelson-Sisinni, Amelia
Issue Date
7 Mar 2026
Type
Journal Article
Language
en
Keywords
FFOCI‐SF , convergent validity , exploratory factor analysis , group psychotherapy , overcontrol , reliability
Alternative Title
Abstract
Group Radical Openness (GRO) is a group therapy program targeting costly and harmful overcontrol. This service review psychometrically evaluated GRO's outcome measures as part of the clinical team's ongoing deliberation about their suitability. Particular attention was given to the Five Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Short Form (FFOCI-SF), the program's primary measure of overcontrol.
Routine pre-intervention clinical outcome data from 241 GRO participants were analysed. Internal consistency was examined for all outcome measures. Associations between the FFOCI-SF and theoretically-related secondary measures were calculated to assess convergent validity. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the 48 FFOCI-SF items. Associations of emergent factors with secondary measures were also computed.
The FFOCI-SF showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.92) and small-to-moderate associations with secondary measures of rigidity, relationship distance, and emotional suppression, supporting convergent validity. Reliability of secondary measures was more variable, with some subscales below accepted thresholds. EFA of the FFOCI-SF revealed a four-factor solution-Excessively High Standards, Need for Structure, Overthinking, and Disconnection from Self/Others-each factor yielding good-to-excellent internal consistency and theoretically consistent associations with the secondary measures.
These findings support the current outcome-measurement framework used in GRO while highlighting areas where refinement of secondary measures may be warranted. They also extend understanding of overcontrol by identifying a four-factor structure within the FFOCI-SF that aligns with GRO's therapeutic model and provides a foundation for future measure development and evaluation.
Routine pre-intervention clinical outcome data from 241 GRO participants were analysed. Internal consistency was examined for all outcome measures. Associations between the FFOCI-SF and theoretically-related secondary measures were calculated to assess convergent validity. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the 48 FFOCI-SF items. Associations of emergent factors with secondary measures were also computed.
The FFOCI-SF showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.92) and small-to-moderate associations with secondary measures of rigidity, relationship distance, and emotional suppression, supporting convergent validity. Reliability of secondary measures was more variable, with some subscales below accepted thresholds. EFA of the FFOCI-SF revealed a four-factor solution-Excessively High Standards, Need for Structure, Overthinking, and Disconnection from Self/Others-each factor yielding good-to-excellent internal consistency and theoretically consistent associations with the secondary measures.
These findings support the current outcome-measurement framework used in GRO while highlighting areas where refinement of secondary measures may be warranted. They also extend understanding of overcontrol by identifying a four-factor structure within the FFOCI-SF that aligns with GRO's therapeutic model and provides a foundation for future measure development and evaluation.
Description
Citation
Twomey, C., & Nelson-Sisinni, A. (2026). Psychometric Evaluation of the FFOCI-SF and Other Clinical Outcome Measures in a Group Therapy for Overcontrol (Group Radical Openness). International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 35(1), e70069. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70069
Publisher
License
© 2026 The Author(s). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Journal
International journal of methods in psychiatric research
Volume
35
Issue
1
PubMed ID
DOI
10.1002/mpr.70069
10.2147/prbm.S173282
10.1111/jopy.12065
10.1016/j.cpr.2017.07.005
10.3102/10769986027004335
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10.1037/0022-3514.71.4.810
10.1177/1073191114539382
10.1017/s0033291700048017
10.1002/capr.12480
10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.03.018
10.1017/sjp.2024.20
10.1186/s40337-024-00967-4
10.1007/s40653-024-00644-3
10.1177/1073191116643818
10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
10.17265/2159-5542/2012.10.001
10.1037/per0000740
10.1186/s40337-021-00400-0
10.1002/capr.12750
10.5114/hpr.2019.84214
10.1038/s44220-024-00350-x
10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2015.69.2.141
10.1192/bjp.2019.53
10.1207/s15327574ijt0502_4
10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.113
10.1177/1094428114548590
10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
10.1037/emo0001438
10.1080/00223891.2018.1564319
10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.157
10.1080/00223891.2012.677885
10.1037/1082-989x.7.2.147
10.2466/pr0.105.1.235-244
10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
10.15448/1980-8623.2019.2.29567
10.1093/geroni/igab034
10.1007/s12646-022-00672-9
10.1192/bjp.2018.202
10.2147/prbm.S173282
10.1111/jopy.12065
10.1016/j.cpr.2017.07.005
10.3102/10769986027004335
10.1007/BF02294183
10.4324/9781003321576
10.1111/jopy.12177
10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09912
10.1037/0022-3514.71.4.810
10.1177/1073191114539382
10.1017/s0033291700048017
10.1002/capr.12480
10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.03.018
10.1017/sjp.2024.20
10.1186/s40337-024-00967-4
10.1007/s40653-024-00644-3
10.1177/1073191116643818
10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
10.17265/2159-5542/2012.10.001
10.1037/per0000740
10.1186/s40337-021-00400-0
10.1002/capr.12750
10.5114/hpr.2019.84214
10.1038/s44220-024-00350-x
10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2015.69.2.141
10.1192/bjp.2019.53
10.1207/s15327574ijt0502_4
10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.113
10.1177/1094428114548590
10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
10.1037/emo0001438
10.1080/00223891.2018.1564319
10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.157
10.1080/00223891.2012.677885
10.1037/1082-989x.7.2.147
10.2466/pr0.105.1.235-244
10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
10.15448/1980-8623.2019.2.29567
10.1093/geroni/igab034
10.1007/s12646-022-00672-9
10.1192/bjp.2018.202
ISSN
1557-0657