Blood plasma B vitamins in depression and the therapeutic response to electroconvulsive therapy.
Authors
Ryan, Karen M
Allers, Kelly A
Harkin, Andrew
McLoughlin, Declan M
Issue Date
2020-03-28
Type
Journal Article
Language
en
Keywords
CRP , Depression , Electroconvulsive therapy , IL-6 , Kynurenine pathway , Nicotinamide , Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate , Vitamin B
Alternative Title
Abstract
A growing body of research has indicated a role for B vitamins in depression, with some previous studies suggesting that B vitamin status in patients with depression can impact on antidepressant response. Here we aimed to investigate B vitamin plasma concentrations in medicated patients with depression ( = 94) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls ( = 57), and in patients with depression after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a real-world clinical setting. Our results show that nicotinamide (vitamin B3), N1-methylnicotinamide (vitamin B3 metabolite), and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP; vitamin B6) concentrations were significantly reduced in patients with depression compared to controls. The Cohen's d effect sizes for nicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinamide, and PLP were moderate-large (-0.47, -0.51, and -0.59, respectively), and likely to be of clinical relevance. Functional biomarkers of vitamin B6 status (PAr index, 3-hydroxykynurenine: hydroxyanthranilic acid ratio, 3-hydroxykynurenine: xanthurenic acid ratio, and HKr) were elevated in depressed patients compared to controls, suggestive of reduced vitamin B6 function. Over 30% of the patient cohort were found to have low to deficient PLP concentrations, and exploratory analyses revealed that these patients had higher IL-6 and CRP concentrations compared to patients with PLP levels within the normal range. Treatment with ECT did not alter B vitamin concentrations, and B vitamin concentrations were not associated with depression severity or the therapeutic response to ECT. Overall, reduced plasma PLP, nicotinamide, and N1-methylnicotinamide concentrations could have wide ranging effects on pathways and systems implicated in depression. Further studies are required to understand the reasons why patients with depression present with low plasma B vitamin concentrations.
Description
Citation
Ryan, K. M., Allers, K. A., Harkin, A., & McLoughlin, D. M. (2020). Blood plasma B vitamins in depression and the therapeutic response to electroconvulsive therapy. Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 4, 100063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100063
Publisher
License
© 2020 The Authors.
Journal
Brain, behavior, & immunity - health
Volume
4
Issue
PubMed ID
DOI
10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100063
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10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.06.047
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10.1001/jama.2013.281053
10.3389/fnut.2019.00048
10.1016/j.brs.2019.05.018
10.1017/S1041610215000046
10.1080/1028415X.2017.1422904
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.031
10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01646.x
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.019
10.1192/bjp.2018.66
10.3945/ajcn.113.064477
10.1186/ar1821
10.1111/pcn.12944
10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.12.006
10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.009
10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.015
10.1097/Psy.0000000000000673
10.1176/appi.ajp.164.6.861
10.1177/1178646918776658
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.09.011
10.1007/s00406-016-0685-6
10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.09.014
10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.001
10.1002/sim.4780090710
10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181907c1b
10.1159/000080386
10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.016
10.3390/nu8020068
10.1007/s11064-019-02729-0
10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.020
10.1161/JAHA.116.004328
10.1186/s12872-017-0475-8
10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00078-6
10.1054/mehy.1999.1032
10.4088/JCP.15m10166
10.3389/fgene.2018.00388
10.3945/jn.110.133082
10.2174/0929867323666160920110810
10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.11.012
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.006
10.1016/j.jamda.2018.11.031
10.1002/mnfr.200900157
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.023
10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15111500
10.1111/nure.12014
10.1055/s-0033-1349861
10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.005
10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15030372
10.3945/ajcn.2009.28571
10.3945/ajcn.2010.29413
10.1007/s11306-019-1604-4
10.2174/1874205X01307010044
10.1017/S0007114514001858
10.1016/j.mam.2016.08.001
10.1146/annurev-nutr-071714-034330
10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12705-5
10.1093/ajcn/nqz228
10.3945/ajcn.111.029751
10.3945/ajcn.115.126342
10.3945/ajcn.113.064998
10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02031.x
10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.004
10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.06.047
10.1093/ajcn/51.6.1058
10.1001/jama.2013.281053
10.3389/fnut.2019.00048
ISSN
2666-3546